December 1 marks Romania’s National Day, a celebration steeped in history, pride, and cultural significance. Known as Ziua Națională, this day commemorates the unification of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș with Romania in 1918. This monumental event, known as the Great Union (Marea Unire), laid the foundation for modern Romania and is a cherished moment in the nation’s collective memory.
The Historical Significance of December 1
The date commemorates the Great National Assembly held in Alba Iulia on December 1, 1918. This assembly, attended by over 100,000 people, declared the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The proclamation symbolized the culmination of aspirations for a unified Romanian state, following centuries of division under the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian empires.
The decision came in the aftermath of World War I, during which Romania had aligned itself with the Allies. The Treaty of Trianon in 1920 later ratified the unification, solidifying Romania’s borders and establishing the Greater Romania (România Mare). This unification brought together regions with shared linguistic, cultural, and historical ties, creating a sense of national identity and solidarity that resonates to this day.
National Day Traditions
Every year, Romanians honor this historic day with parades, cultural events, and heartfelt expressions of patriotism. The centerpiece of the celebrations is the military parade in Bucharest, featuring a display of Romania’s armed forces, tanks, and aircraft. Similar parades take place in Alba Iulia, the symbolic heart of the Great Union, where thousands gather to pay homage to this historic city.
Throughout the country, traditional Romanian folk dances and music fill the air, accompanied by vibrant displays of the national flag. Families and communities come together to enjoy a hearty meal of beans with smoked pork (fasole cu ciolan), a dish often associated with this special day. The simplicity and warmth of this meal embody the spirit of unity and shared heritage.
Reflecting on Unity and Diversity
Romania’s National Day is more than a historical commemoration—it is a celebration of unity in diversity. The regions brought together in 1918—each with its distinct traditions, dialects, and cuisines—contribute to the richness of Romania’s cultural tapestry. From the picturesque villages of Transylvania to the vibrant port cities of Dobrogea, the spirit of Marea Unire is evident in the shared pride of Romanians across the globe.
A Fulbright Grantee’s Perspective
As a Fulbright researcher in Romania, this year’s National Day holds special meaning for me. Immersing myself in the country’s history, culture, and traditions has deepened my appreciation for the unity Romania achieved in 1918. The hospitality and warmth I have experienced in Romania mirror the spirit of solidarity celebrated on December 1. I look forward to joining in the festivities and witnessing firsthand how Romanians honor this important day, whether through parades, traditional meals, or heartfelt expressions of patriotism.
Looking Ahead
This National Day, as Romanians wave their tricolor flags and sing Deșteaptă-te, române! (Awaken, Romanian!), the national anthem, they honor their past while looking to the future. It is a day to remember the sacrifices of those who dreamed of a unified Romania and to reaffirm the values of unity, perseverance, and hope.
To all celebrating, La mulți ani, România!